🔠 Data Types, Type Casting and Inputs

📊 Data Types

Python is a dynamically typed language, which means you don’t need to explicitly declare a variable’s type. The type is inferred at runtime.

data_types.py


# String
name = "John Doe"  # Textual data
 
# Integer
age = 30  # Whole number
 
# Float
height = 5.9  # Decimal number
 
# Boolean
is_student = True  # True or False value
 
# List
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]  # Mutable ordered collection of items
 
# Tuple
fruits_tuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")  # Immutable ordered collection
 
# Set
fruits_set = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}  # Unordered collection of unique items
 
# Dictionary
person = {
    "name": "John Doe",
    "age": 30,
    "height": 5.9,
    "is_student": True
}  # Key-value pairs

➡️ Type Casting

Process of converting a variable from one data type to another. Methods include int(), float(), str(), and bool().

Type checking can be done using type() function.

type_casting.py


name = "John Doe"
age = 30
height = 5.9
is_student = True
 
# Type checking
print(type(name))  # Output: <class 'str'>
print(type(age))   # Output: <class 'int'>
print(type(height))  # Output: <class 'float'>
print(type(is_student))  # Output: <class 'bool'>
 
# Type casting
height = int(height)
is_student = str(is_student)
print(height)  # Output: 5
print(is_student)  # Output: True

🔠 How to take input from user?

You can take input from the user using the input() function. The input is always returned as a string, so you may need to convert it to the appropriate data type using type casting.

input.py


name = input("Enter your name: ")
age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
height = float(input("Enter your height: "))
is_student = input("Are you a student? (True/False): ") == "True"
 
print(f"Name: {name}")
print(f"Age: {age}")
print(f"Height: {height}")
print(f"Is Student: {is_student}")