🎛️ Control Flow and Loops

Control flow allows a program to make decisions, repeat actions, and direct the execution path based on conditions. Python includes several constructs for managing control flow, primarily through conditional statements and looping mechanisms.

📜 1. Conditional Statements:

if Statement Used to execute code only if a condition is true:

if_statement.py


x = 10
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")

if-else Statement Provides an alternative path if the condition is false:

if_else_statement.py


if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")
else:
    print("x is not greater than 5")

elif (Else If) Used for multiple conditions:

elif_statement.py


if x > 10:
    print("x is greater than 10")
elif x == 10:
    print("x is exactly 10")
else:
    print("x is less than 10")

🔄 3. Loops:

while Loop Repeats a block of code as long as the condition is true:

while_loop.py


count = 0
while count < 5:
    print("Count:", count) # Output: Count: 0, Count: 1, Count: 2, Count: 3, Count: 4
    count += 1

for Loop Iterates over a sequence (list, tuple, string, etc.):

for_loop.py


fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for fruit in fruits:
    print(fruit) # Output: apple, banana, cherry
 
# Using range() in for Loops
for i in range(5):
    print(i) # 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
 
# With start, stop, step:
for i in range(1, 10, 2):
    print(i)  # 1, 3, 5, 7, 9

control_loops.py


# Loop Control Statements
for i in range(10):
    if i == 5:
        break # Exits the loop prematurely
    print(i)
 
for i in range(10):
    if i % 2 == 0:
        continue # Skips the current iteration and continues with the next
    print(i)  # 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
 
for i in range(5):
    print(i)
else:
    # The else block executes if the loop completes normally (i.e., not interrupted by break)
    print("Loop finished without break")

nested_loops.py


# Loops within loops
for i in range(3):
    for j in range(2):
        print(f"i={i}, j={j}")

example.py


# Finding Prime Numbers
for num in range(2, 20):
    is_prime = True
    for i in range(2, int(num ** 0.5) + 1):
        if num % i == 0:
            is_prime = False
            break
    if is_prime:
        print(f"{num} is a prime number")